Method of controlling resistant harmful plants

ABSTRACT

A method for controlling harmful plants resistant to active compounds from the group of the inhibitors of acetolactate synthase, acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, photosynthesis at photosystem II, microtubuli arrangement, cell division or 5-enolpyrovylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase, in particular acetolactate synthase, is described.

The invention is in the field of crop protection compositions employed against resistant harmful plants.

In recent years, on agriculturally utilizable areas, there have increasingly been harmful plants resistant to numerous active compounds from the group of the inhibitors of acetolactate synthase, acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, photosynthesis at photosystems I+II, auxins, protoporphyrinogen oxidase or 5-enolpyrovylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase and others. In agricultural practice, the control of these harmful plants is found to be increasingly problematic.

WO 2006/007947 A1 discloses, inter alia, herbicidal compositions comprising indaziflam and flazasulfuron, rimsulfuron, foramsulfuron. A particular suitability of these herbicidal compositions for controlling resistant harmful plants is not disclosed in this publication.

It is an object of the present invention to provide herbicidal compositions for controlling such resistant harmful plants. It has now been found that herbicidal compositions comprising indaziflam and a further herbicidally active compound are particularly suitable for this purpose. The present invention provides a method for controlling harmful plants resistant to active compounds from the group of the inhibitors of acetolactate synthase, acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, photosynthesis at photosystem II, microtubuli arrangement, cell division or 5-enolpyrovylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase, in particular acetolactate synthase, characterized in that a herbicidal composition comprising

-   -   A) indaziflam (A) and     -   B) a herbicidally active compound from the group consisting of         flazasulfuron (B1), foramsulfuron (B2), rimsulfuron (B3),         chlorimuron-ethyl (B4) and thiencarbazone-methyl (B5) is         employed.

Herbicidal compositions comprising indaziflam and chlorimuron-ethyl are novel and also form part of the subject matter of the present invention.

The active compounds indaziflam, flazasulfuron, foramsulfuron, rimsulfuron, chlorimuron-ethyl and thiencarbazone-methyl are known, for example, from “The Pesticide Manual” 15th edition, 2009, British Crop Protection Council, and from the website “http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/index cn frame.html”.

The active compounds of the herbicidal compositions to be used in accordance with the invention are usually employed in the following dosages.

Indaziflam: 10 to 200, preferably 10 to 150, with preference 10 to 100 g/ha.

Flazasulfuron, foramsulfuron, rimsulfuron, chlorimuron-ethyl and thiencarbazone-methyl: in each case 2.5 to 100, preferably 2.5 to 75, with preference 2.5 to 40 g/ha.

The ratios of the active compounds (A) and (B) can be found by looking at the application rates mentioned for the individual compounds. For example, the ratios (A):(B) in the range from 10:1 to 1:10, with preference from 5:1 to 1:5, are of particular interest.

Surprisingly, the herbicidal compositions to be used in accordance with the invention have high synergistic activity against resistant harmful plants. Here, it is particularly surprising that the herbicidally active compounds of group (B), which are known as inhibitors of acetolactate synthase, have, in combination with the herbicidally active compound (A), high synergistic activity against harmful plants resistant to inhibitors of acetolactate synthase. Therefore, these herbicidal compositions are highly suitable for use for controlling resistant harmful plants. Thus, the present invention furthermore provides the use of these herbicidal compositions for controlling resistant harmful plants.

Furthermore, the combinations according to the invention can be employed together with other active compounds, for example from the group of the safeners, fungicides, insecticides and plant growth regulators, or from the group of additives and formulation aids customary in crop protection. Additives are, for example, fertilizers and colorants.

The herbicidal compositions to be used in accordance with the invention have excellent herbicidal activity against a broad spectrum of economically important monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous harmful plants which have become resistant, in particular, to inhibitors of acetolactate synthase. These include, for example, Alopecurus spp., Amaranthus spp., Apera spp., Bidens spp., Bromus spp., Erigeron spp., Euphorbia spp., Chenopodium spp., Kochia spp. and Lolium spp.

When herbicidally active compounds of groups (A) and (B) are applied jointly, superadditive (=synergistic) effects occur. Here, the activity in the combinations is higher than the expected sum of the activities of the individual herbicides employed. The synergistic effects allow the application rate to be reduced, a broader spectrum of harmful plants to be controlled, a more rapid onset of the herbicidal action, a longer persistency, a better control of the harmful plants with only one or a few applications and a widening of the application period possible. In some cases, employing the compositions also reduces the amount of harmful ingredients such as nitrogen or oleic acid in the crop plant. The abovementioned properties and advantages are required in the practical control of harmful plants to keep agricultural crops free of unwanted competing plants, and thus to ensure and/or increase yield levels from the qualitative and quantitative angles.

The herbicidal compositions to be used in accordance with the invention can be present both as mixed formulations of the two active compounds (A) and (B), if appropriate with further active compounds, additives and/or customary formulation aids which are then applied in a customary manner diluted with water, or can be prepared as so-called tank mixes by joint dilution of the separately formulated or partially separately formulated components with water.

The active compounds (A) and (B) or their combinations can be formulated in various ways according to which biological and/or physicochemical parameters are required. Examples of general formulation options are: wettable powders (WP), emulsifiable concentrates (EC), aqueous solutions (SL), emulsions (EW) such as oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions, sprayable solutions or emulsions, oil- or water-based dispersions, suspoemulsions, dusts (DP), seed-dressing products, granules for soil application or application by broadcasting or water-dispersible granules (WG), ULV formulations, microcapsules or waxes.

The individual types of formulation are known in principle and are described, for example, in: Winnacker-Kuchler, “Chemische Technologie” [Chemical Technology], Volume 7, C. Hanser Verlag Munich, 4th ed. 1986; van Valkenburg, “Pesticide Formulations”, Marcel Dekker, N. Y., 1973; K. Martens, “Spray Drying Handbook”, 3rd ed. 1979, G. Goodwin Ltd. London.

The necessary formulation aids, such as inert materials, surfactants, solvents and further additives are likewise known and are described, for example, in: Watkins, “Handbook of Insecticide Dust Diluents and Carriers”, 2nd Ed., Darland Books, Caldwell N.J.; H.v. Olphen, “Introduction to Clay Colloid Chemistry”; 2nd ed., J. Wiley & Sons, N.Y. Marsden, “Solvents Guide”, 2nd ed., Interscience, N. Y. 1950; McCutcheon's, “Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual”, MC Publ. Corp., Ridegewood N.J.; Sisley and Wood, “Encyclopedia of Surface Active Agents”, Chem. Publ. Co. Inc., N.Y. 1964; Schönfeldt, “Grenzflächenaktive Äthylenoxidaddukte” [Interface-active Ethylene Oxide Adducts], Wiss. Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart 1976, Winnacker-Küchler, “Chemische Technologie”, volume 7, C. Hanser Verlag Munich, 4th ed. 1986. Based on these formulations, it is also possible to produce combinations with other pesticidally active substances such as other herbicides, fungicides or insecticides, and also with safeners, fertilizers and/or growth regulators, for example in the form of a finished formulation or as a tank mix.

Wettable powders are preparations which can be dispersed uniformly in water and, as well as the active compound, apart from a diluent or inert substance, also comprise surfactants of the ionic or nonionic type (wetting agents, dispersants), for example polyoxyethylated alkylphenols, polyethoxylated fatty alcohols or polyethoxylated fatty amines, alkanesulphonates or alkylbenzenesulphonates, sodium lignosulphonate, sodium 2,2′-dinaphthylmethane-6,6′-disulphonate, sodium dibutylnaphthalenesulphonate or else sodium oleoylmethyltaurinate.

Emulsifiable concentrates are prepared by dissolving the active compound in an organic solvent, for example butanol, cyclohexanone, dimethylformamide, xylene or else relatively high-boiling aromatics or hydrocarbons with addition of one or more ionic or nonionic surfactants (emulsifiers). The emulsifiers used may, for example, be: calcium alkylarylsulphonates such as calcium dodecylbenzenesulphonate, or nonionic emulsifiers such as fatty acid polyglycol esters, alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, propylene oxide-ethylene oxide condensation products, alkyl polyethers, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters or polyoxyethylene sorbitol esters.

Dusts are obtained by grinding the active compound with finely distributed solid substances, for example talc, natural clays, such as kaolin, bentonite and pyrophyllite, or diatomaceous earth.

Granules can be produced either by spraying the active compound onto adsorptive granulated inert material or by applying active compound concentrates by means of adhesives, for example polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylate or mineral oils, to the surface of carrier substances, such as sand, kaolinites or of granulated inert material. Suitable active compounds can also be granulated in the manner customary for the production of fertilizer granules—if desired as a mixture with fertilizers. Water-dispersible granules are produced generally by processes such as spray-drying, fluidized bed granulation, pan granulation, mixing with high-speed mixers and extrusion without solid inert material.

The agrochemical preparations generally comprise from 0.1 to 99% by weight, in particular from 2 to 95% by weight, of active compounds (A) and/or (B), the following concentrations being customary, depending on the type of formulation:

In wettable powders, the active compound concentration is, for example, from about 10 to 95% by weight, the remainder to 100% by weight consisting of customary formulation components. In the case of emulsifiable concentrates, the active compound concentration can be, for example, from 5 to 80% by weight.

In most cases, formulations in the form of dusts comprise from 5 to 20% by weight of active compound, sprayable solutions comprise about 0.2 to 25% by weight of active compound.

In the case of granules such as dispersible granules, the active compound content depends partially on whether the active compound is present in liquid or solid form and on which granulation auxiliaries and fillers are used. In water-dispersible granules the content is generally between 10 and 90% by weight.

In addition, the active compound formulations mentioned optionally comprise the respective customary adhesives, wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, preservatives, antifreeze agents and solvents, fillers, colorants and carriers, antifoams, evaporation inhibitors and pH- or viscosity-modifying agents.

For application, the formulations present in commercial form are, if appropriate, diluted in a customary manner, for example in the case of wettable powders, emulsifiable concentrates, dispersions and water-dispersible granules with water. Preparations in the form of dusts, granules for soil application or granules for broadcasting and sprayable solutions are not usually diluted with other inert substances prior to application.

The active compounds can be applied to the plants, plant parts, seed or area under cultivation (soil), preferably on the green plants and plant parts, and optionally additionally to the soil.

One possible use is the joint application of the active compounds in the form of tank mixes, where the optimally formulated concentrated formulations of the individual active compounds are, together, mixed in a tank with water, and the spray liquor obtained is applied.

A joint herbicidal formulation of the active compounds (A) and (B) has the advantage that it can be applied more easily since the quantities of the components are already adjusted to the correct ratio to one another. Moreover, the auxiliaries in the formulation can be adjusted optimally to one another, whereas a tank mix of different formulations may result in unwanted combinations of auxiliaries.

A. GENERAL FORMULATION EXAMPLES

-   -   a) A dust is obtained by mixing 10 parts by weight of an active         compound/active compound mixture and 90 parts by weight of talc         as inert substance and comminuting the mixture in a hammer mill.     -   b) A wettable powder which is readily dispersible in water is         obtained by mixing 25 parts by weight of an active         compound/active compound mixture, 64 parts by weight of         kaolin-containing quartz as inert substance, 10 parts by weight         of potassium lignosulphonate and 1 part by weight of sodium         oleoylmethyltaurinate as wetting agent and dispersant, and         grinding the mixture in a pinned-disc mill.     -   c) A dispersion concentrate which is readily dispersible in         water is obtained by mixing 20 parts by weight of an active         compound/active compound mixture with 6 parts by weight of         alkylphenol polyglycol ether (Triton® X 207), 3 parts by weight         of isotridecanol polyglycol ether (8 EO) and 71 parts by weight         of paraffinic mineral oil (boiling range for example         approximately 255 to 277° C.) and grinding the mixture in a ball         mill to a fineness of below 5 microns.     -   d) An emulsifiable concentrate is obtained from 15 parts by         weight of an active compound/active compound mixture, 75 parts         by weight of cyclohexanone as solvent and 10 parts by weight of         ethoxylated nonylphenol as emulsifier.     -   e) Water-dispersible granules are obtained by mixing         -   75 parts by weight of an active compound/active compound             mixture,         -   10 parts by weight of calcium lignosulphonate,         -   5 parts by weight of sodium lauryl sulphate,         -   3 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol and         -   7 parts by weight of kaolin,         -   grinding the mixture in a pinned-disc mill, and granulating             the powder in a fluidized bed by spray application of water             as a granulating liquid.     -   f) Water-dispersible granules are also obtained by homogenizing         and precomminuting         -   25 parts by weight of an active compound/active compound             mixture,         -   5 parts by weight of sodium             2,2′-dinaphthylmethane-6,6′-disulphonate,         -   2 parts by weight of sodium oleoylmethyltaurinate,         -   1 part by weight of polyvinyl alcohol,         -   17 parts by weight of calcium carbonate and         -   50 parts by weight of water         -   on a colloid mill, subsequently grinding the mixture in a             bead mill and atomizing and drying the resulting suspension             in a spray tower by means of a single-substance nozzle.

WORKING EXAMPLES Greenhouse Experiments

In standard practice of the experiment, seeds of various broad-leaved weed and weed grass biotypes (origins) having various resistance mechanisms to various mechanisms of action were sown in a pot which had a diameter of 8-13 cm and was filled with natural soil of a standard field soil (loamy silt; not sterile) or a 1:1 mixture of the standard field soil (loamy silt; not sterile) and standard soil type ED73 and covered with a covering layer of the soil or a layer of sand of about 1 cm, alternatively sown in a soil-filled planting dish and, after germination, pricked out into soil-filled pots and covered. The 1:1 mixture of the two soil types was used specifically for cultivating small-seeded dicotyledonous weed since the standard field soil on its own tends to silt up, which may have an adverse effect on the emergence of small-seeded weeds. The resistances mentioned in the tables were confirmed beforehand in standard monitoring experiments. Nevertheless, the origins examined may have additional, hitherto unconfirmed resistances to various mechanisms of action.

The pots were then cultivated in a greenhouse (12-16 h light, temperature day 20-22° C., night 15-18° C.) until the time of application. The pots were treated at various BBCH stages of the seeds/plants on a laboratory track sprayer with spray liquors comprising the compositions according to the invention, mixtures of the prior art or the individual components. Application of the active compounds or active compound combinations and wetting agents formulated as WG, WP, EC or otherwise was carried out at the appropriate growth stages of the plants. The amount of water used for spray application was 100-600 l/ha. After the treatment, the plants were returned to the greenhouses and fertilized and watered as required. The pots were cultivated in a greenhouse (12-16 h light, temperature day 20-22° C., night 15-18° C.).

3 weeks after the application, the foliar effect was evaluated on a scale of 0-100%:

0%=no noticeable effect compared to untreated plants 100%=full effect compared to untreated plants

The following abbreviations were used:

-   BBCH the BBCH code provides information about the morphological     development stage of a plant. Officially, the abbreviation denotes     the Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt and CHemische     Industrie [Federal Biological Institute for Agriculture and     Forestry, Federal Office for Crop Plant Varieties, Chemical     Industry]. The range of BBCH 00-10 denotes the germination stages of     the seeds until surface penetration. The range of BBCH 11-25 denotes     the leaf development stages until stocking (corresponds to the     number of tillers or side-shoots). -   PE pre-emergence soil application; BBCH of the seeds/plants 00-10 -   PO post-emergence application on the green parts of the plants; BBCH     of the plants 11-25 -   IU soil loamy silt—standard field soil -   l/ha litres per hectare -   S sensitive—the weed populations are sensitive to the active     compounds tested -   TSR target-site resistance. The weed populations comprise biotypes     having a site-of-action-specific resistance, i.e. the binding site     at the site of action is modified as a result of natural mutations     in the gene sequence so that the active compounds are no longer able     to bind, or bind in an unsatisfactory manner, and are therefore no     longer able to act. -   NTR non-target-site herbicide resistance; this is differentiated,     inter alia, into EMR (Enhanced Metabolic Resistance) (the weed     populations comprise biotypes having metabolic resistance, i.e. the     plants are capable of metabolizing the active compounds more quickly     via enzyme complexes, i.e. the active compounds are degraded more     quickly in the plant), into reduced penetration into the plant,     reduced translocation in the plant, accelerated excretion. In some     biotypes, the EMR mechanism was demonstrated biochemically directly.     In other cases, where TSR could not be demonstrated, NTR is assumed. -   NA not analysed. -   R the weed populations comprise biotypes having resistance to     individual active compounds and/or mechanisms of action, i.e. the     plants are capable of surviving, by various mechanisms (not     investigated any further), application of the active compounds, and     of reproducing. -   HRAC Herbicide Resistance Action Committee. Committee of the     research-conducting industries, which classifies the approved active     compounds according to their mode of action (e.g. HRAC group     B=acetolactate synthase inhibitors (ALS)). -   HRAC group A=acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitors (ACCase). -   HRAC group B=acetolactate synthase inhibitors (ALS). -   HRAC group C1=photosystem I inhibitors (PSI). -   HRAC group C2=photosystem II inhibitors (PSII). -   HRAC group G=inhibitors of EPSP-glyphosate. -   HRAC group K1=inhibitors of microtubuli arrangement. -   HRAC group K3=inhibitors of cell division. -   HRAC group L=inhibitors of cellulose biosynthesis-indaziflam. -   dosage g of AS/ha=application rate in grams of active substance per     hectare. -   AS=active substance (based on 100% of active ingredient)=a.i. -   ALOMY=Alopecurus myosuroides -   AMAPA=Amaranthus palmeri -   AMATA=Amaranthus rudis -   APESV=Apera spica-venti -   BIDSU=Bidens subalternans -   BRODI=Bromus diformis -   CHEAL=Chenopodium album -   EPHHL=Euphorbia heterophylla -   ERIBO=Erigeron bonariensis -   ERICA=Erigeron canadensis -   KCHSC=Kochia scoparia -   LOLMU=Lolium multiflorum -   LOLRI=Lolium rigidum -   LOLSS=Lolium spp.

The herbicidal effects of the compositions were determined by comparison with active compounds applied individually against economically important mono- and dicotyledonous harmful plants. The synergistic herbicidal effects were calculated using Colby's formula (cf. S.R. Colby; Weeds 15 (1967), 20-22):

E=A+B−(A×B)/100

-   -   where:     -   A, B=the respective effect of component A or B in percent at a         dosage of a or b grams of AS/ha;     -   E^(C)=expected value according to Colby in % at a dosage of a+b         grams of AS/ha.     -   Δ=difference (%) between the measured value—%—and the expected         value—%—(measured value minus expected value)     -   Δ^(D)=difference (%) between the measured value of an         observation A—%—and the measured value of an observation B—%.         The observed values A and B can vary according to the         experimental approach and are defined in the Results section         (e.g. ratio: A=PE application onto the soil, to B=mixing into         the soil; or A=PE application onto the soil, to B=pre-sowing         application onto the soil etc.).     -   Evaluation:         -   measured values: in each case for (A), (B) and (A)+(B) in %     -   Evaluation:         -   measured value (%) greater > than E^(C):             synergism (+Δ)         -   measured value (%) equal to = E^(C):             additive effect (±0Δ)         -   measured value (%) smaller < than E^(C):             antagonism (−Δ)

Here, the herbicidal effects of the compositions according to the invention exceeded the expected values calculated using Colby's formula.

Evaluations gave the results listed in Tables 1-3 which clearly show a synergistic effect on individual biotypes.

Unless mentioned otherwise, indaziflam (A) was applied as SC500 (suspension concentrate) corresponding to 500 g of active substance per litre of formulation product. Application of the active compounds of group (B) was as follows.

flazasulfuron (B1) as WG25 (wettable granule) formulation, foramsulfuron (B2) as WG50 formulation, rimsulfuron (B3) as WG25 formulation, chlorimuron-ethyl (B4) as WG25 formulation, thiencarbazone-methyl (B5) as WP10 (wettable powder) formulation.

In the post-emergence tests (PO), an additive (adjuvant) was added to the individual active compounds and mixtures thereof for better wetting. The additive in question was an alkyl ether sulphate (Genapol LRO) at an application rate of 1 l/ha, corresponding to 276.5 g of active substance per ha. On its own, this additive has no effect on the plants, and it serves, as already mentioned, to improve wetting.

TABLE 1 Comparison of the effect of the mixture on resistant biotypes following PO application according to the test method described a BRODI resistant - KCHSC group A (TSR), B BIDSU BIDSU Active Dose g KCHSC resistant - BRODI (NTR) and G BIDSU resistant - resistant - compounds of AS/ha sensitive group B (TSR) sensitive (NTR) sensitive group B (TSR) group B (TSR) (A) 50 30 30 70 65 40 40 40 (B6) 20 90  0 90 70 60 10 10 (A) + (B6) 50 + 20 100 70 100 100 90 80 88 E^(c) = 93; E^(c) = 30; E^(c) = 97; E^(c) = 90; E^(c) = 76; E^(c) = 46; E^(c) = 46; Δ +7 Δ +40 Δ +3 Δ +10 Δ +14 Δ +34 Δ +42 (A) 50 30 30 70 65 40 40 40 (B4) 20 90  0 100  70 60 20 20 (A) + (B4) 50 + 20 100 95 100 100 85 90 70 E^(c) = 93; E^(c) = 30; E^(c) = 100; E^(c) = 90; E^(c) = 76; E^(c) = 52; E^(c) = 52; Δ +7 Δ +65 Δ ±0 Δ +10 Δ +9 Δ +38 Δ +18 (A) 50 30 30 70 65 40 40 40 (B1) 20 90  0 100  75 70 30 30 (A) + (B1) 50 + 20 95 75 100 100 95 95 75 E^(c) = 93; E^(c) = 30; E^(c) = 100; E^(c) = 91; E^(c) = 82; E^(c) = 58; E^(c) = 58; Δ +2 Δ +45 Δ ±0 Δ +9 Δ +13 Δ +37 Δ +17 (A) 50 30 30 70 65 40 40 40 (B3) 20 90  0 100  75 70 60 10 (A) + (B3) 50 + 20 100 75 100 100 95 80 75 E^(c) = 93; E^(c) = 30; E^(c) = 100; E^(c) = 91; E^(c) = 82; E^(c) = 76; E^(c) = 46; Δ +7 Δ +45 Δ ±0 Δ +9 Δ +13 Δ +4 Δ +29 (A) 50 30 30 70 65 40 40 40 (B2) 20 90  0 100  75 30  0  0 (A) + (B2) 50 + 20 100 88 100 100 90 90 75 E^(c) = 93; E^(c) = 30; E^(c) = 100; E^(c) = 91; E^(c) = 58; E^(c) = 40; E^(c) = 40; Δ +7 Δ +58 Δ ±0 Δ +9 Δ +32 Δ +50 Δ +35 (A) 50 30 30 70 65 40 40 40 (B5) 20 90  0 95 50 60  0  0 (A) + (B5) 50 + 20 100 90 100 100 90 100 70 E^(c) = 93; E^(c) = 30; E^(c) = 99; E^(c) = 83; E^(c) = 76; E^(c) = 40; E^(c) = 40; Δ +7 Δ +60 Δ +2 Δ +18 Δ +14 Δ +60 Δ +30 b APESV AMAPA EPHHL resistant - AMATA resistant - group resistant - EPHHL group B resistant - group B (TSR), C1 group B resistant - (TSR, NTR) Active Dose g AMATA B (TSR), C1 (TSR) and G EPHHL (TSR) and G group B APESV and K1/3 compounds of AS/ha sensitive (TSR) (NTR) sensitive (NTR) (TSR) sensitive (NA) (A) 50 50 40 50 60 50 55  65 60 (B6) 20 50 70 60 90 60 70 100 10 (A) + (B6) 50 + 20 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 E^(c) = 75; E^(c) = 82; E^(c) = 80; E^(c) = 96; E^(c) = 80; E^(c) = 87; E^(c) = 100; E^(c) = 64; Δ +15 Δ +18 Δ +20 Δ +4 Δ +20 Δ +14 Δ ±0 Δ +36 (A) 50 50 40 50 60 50 55  65 60 (B4) 20 30 60 30 60 30 30 100  0 (A) + (B4) 50 + 20 83 100 100 100 80 100 100 100 E^(c) = 65; E^(c) = 76; E^(c) = 65; E^(c) = 84; E^(c) = 65; E^(c) = 69; E^(c) = 100; E^(c) = 60; Δ +18 Δ +24 Δ +35 Δ +16 Δ +15 Δ +32 Δ ±0 Δ +40 (A) 50 50 40 50 60 50 55  65 60 (B1) 20 60 50 40 80 40 30 100 30 (A) + (B1) 50 + 20 90 100 100 100 89 100 100 100 E^(c) = 80; E^(c) = 70; E^(c) = 70; E^(c) = 92; E^(c) = 70; E^(c) = 69; E^(c) = 100; E^(c) = 72; Δ +10 Δ +30 Δ +30 Δ +8 Δ +19 Δ +32 Δ ±0 Δ +28 (A) 50 50 40 50 60 50 55  65 60 (B3) 20 70 90 70 80 50 60 100 20 (A) + (B3) 50 + 20 95 100 100 95 95 98 100 100 E^(c) = 85; E^(c) = 94; E^(c) = 85; E^(c) = 92; E^(c) = 75; E^(c) = 82; E^(c) = 100; E^(c) = 68; Δ +10 Δ +6 Δ +15 Δ +3 Δ +20 Δ +16 Δ ±0 Δ +32 (A) 50 50 40 50 60 50 55  65 60 (B2) 20 40 90 40 80 40 30 100  0 (A) + (B2) 50 + 20 85 100 100 98 93 100 100 100 E^(c) = 70; E^(c) = 94; E^(c) = 70; E^(c) = 92; E^(c) = 70; E^(c) = 69; E^(c) = 100; E^(c) = 60; Δ +15 Δ +6 Δ +30 Δ +6 Δ +23 Δ +32 Δ ±0 Δ +40 (A) 50 50 40 50 60 50 55  65 60 (B5) 20 30 40  0 70 30 20 100  0 (A) + (B5) 50 + 20 90 100 80 100 95 100 100 100 E^(c) = 65; E^(c) = 64; E^(c) = 50; E^(c) = 88; E^(c) = 65; E^(c) = 64; E^(c) = 100; E^(c) = 60; Δ +25 Δ +36 Δ +30 Δ +12 Δ +30 Δ +36 Δ ±0 Δ +40 c ALOMY ALOMY resistant - resistant - LOLSS LOLSS group A (TSR, group A (TSR, resistant group resistant group NTR), B (TSR, NTR), B (TSR, A (TSR, NTR), LOLSS A (TSR, NTR), Active Dose g ALOMY NTR) and C2 NTR) and C2 LOLSS B (NTR) and resistant - B (TSR, NTR) compounds of AS/ha sensitive (NA) (NA) sensitive C2 (NA) group G (NTR) and C2 (NA) (A) 50  75 60 60 75 60 65 60 (B6) 20 100 20 20 90 65 65 10 (A) + (B6) 50 + 20 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 E^(c) = 100; E^(c) = 68; E^(c) = 68; E^(c) = 98; E^(c) = 86; E^(c) = 88; E^(c) = 64; Δ ±0 Δ +32 Δ +32 Δ +3 Δ +14 Δ +12 Δ +36 (A) 50  75 60 60 75 60 65 60 (B4) 20 100  0  0 35 55 50  0 (A) + (B4) 50 + 20 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 E^(c) = 100; E^(c) = 60; E^(c) = 60; E^(C) = 84 E^(c) = 82; E^(c) = 83; E^(c) = 60; Δ ±0 Δ +40 Δ +40 Δ +16 Δ +18 Δ +18 Δ +40 (A) 50  75 60 60 75 60 65 60 (B1) 20 100 30 10 95 60 60 30 (A) + (B1) 50 + 20 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 E^(c) = 100; E^(c) = 72; E^(c) = 64; E^(c) = 99; E^(c) = 84; E^(c) = 86; E^(c) = 72; Δ ±0 Δ +28 Δ +36 Δ +1 Δ +16 Δ +14 Δ +28 (A) 50  75 60 60 75 60 65 60 (B3) 20 100 10 10 95 60 60 15 (A) + (B3) 50 + 20 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 E^(c) = 100; E^(c) = 64; E^(c) = 64; E^(c) = 99; E^(c) = 84; E^(c) = 86; E^(c) = 66; Δ ±0 Δ +36 Δ +36 Δ +1 Δ +16 Δ +14 Δ +34 (A) 50  75 60 60 75 60 65 60 (B2) 20 100 10  0 100  60 50 40 (A) + (B2) 50 + 20 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 E^(c) = 100; E^(c) = 64; E^(c) = 60; E^(c) = 100 E^(c) = 84; E^(c) = 83; E^(c) = 76; Δ ±0 Δ +36 Δ +40 Δ ±0 Δ +16 Δ +18 Δ +24 (A) 50  75 60 60 75 60 65 60 (B5) 20 100  0  0 85 50 40  0 (A) + (B5) 50 + 20 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 E^(c) = 100; E^(c) = 60; E^(c) = 60; E^(c) = 96; E^(c) = 80; E^(c) = 79; E^(c) = 60; Δ ±0 Δ +40 Δ +40 Δ +4 Δ +20 Δ +21 Δ +40 d CHEAL resistant -group B ERICA resistant - ERIBO resistant - Active Dose g CHEAL (TSR), C1 (NA) ERICA group B (NA) and ERIBO group B (NA) and compounds of AS/ha sensitive and G (NTR) sensitive G (NTR) sensitive G (NTR) (A) 50 70 70 50 50 50 50 (B6) 20 90 80 90 60 90 60 (A) + (B6) 50 + 20 100 100 100 90 100 90 E^(c) = 97; E^(c) = 94; E^(c) = 95; E^(c) = 80; E^(c) = 95; E^(c) = 80; Δ +3 Δ +6 Δ +5 Δ +10 Δ +5 Δ +10 (A) 50 70 70 50 50 50 50 (B4) 20 60 50 80 60 80 60 (A) + (B4) 50 + 20 100 95 95 90 95 90 E^(c) = 88; E^(c) = 85; E^(c) = 90; E^(c) = 80; E^(c) = 90; E^(c) = 80; Δ +12 Δ +10 Δ +5 Δ +10 Δ +5 Δ +10 (A) 50 70 70 50 50 50 50 (B1) 20 80 70 90 50 90 50 (A) + (B1) 50 + 20 100 100 100 98 100 98 E^(c) = 94; E^(c) = 91; E^(c) = 95; E^(c) = 75; E^(c) = 95; E^(c) = 75; Δ +6 Δ +9 Δ +5 Δ +23 Δ +5 Δ +23 (A) 50 70 70 50 50 50 50 (B3) 20 80 70 90 60 90 60 (A) + (B3) 50 + 20 100 100 100 95 100 95 E^(c) = 94; E^(c) = 91; E^(c) = 95; E^(c) = 80; E^(c) = 95; E^(c) = 80; Δ +6 Δ +9 Δ +5 Δ +15 Δ +5 Δ +15 (A) 50 70 70 50 50 50 50 (B2) 20 70 70 50 40 50 40 (A) + (B2) 50 + 20 100 95 100 90 100 90 E^(c) = 91; E^(c) = 91; E^(c) = 75; E^(c) = 70; E^(c) = 75; E^(c) = 70; Δ +92 Δ +9 Δ +25 Δ +20 Δ +25 Δ +20 (A) 50 70 70 50 50 50 50 (B5) 20 70 70 70 60 70 60 (A) + (B5) 50 + 20 100 100 100 95 100 95 E^(c) = 91; E^(c) = 91; E^(c) = 85; E^(c) = 80; E^(c) = 85; E^(c) = 80; Δ +9 Δ +9 Δ +15 Δ +15 Δ +15 Δ +15

TABLE 2 Comparison of the effect of the mixture on resistant biotypes following PE application according to the test method described a KCHSC BRODI resistant - BIDSU BIDSU Active Dose g KCHSC resistant - BRODI group A (TSR), B BIDSU resistant - resistant - compounds of AS/ha sensitive group B (TSR) sensitive (NTR) and G (NTR) sensitive group B (TSR) group B (TSR) (A) 12.5 40 40 75 70 50 50 50 (B6) 20 30  0 90 90 70 40  0 (A) + (B6) 12.5 + 20 90 70 100 100 98 98 98 E^(c) = 58; E^(c) = 40; E^(c) = 98; E^(c) = 97; E^(c) = 85; E^(c) = 70; E^(c) = 50; Δ +32 Δ +30 Δ +3 Δ +3 Δ +13 Δ +28 Δ +48 (A) 12.5 40 40 75 70 50 50 50 (B4) 20 50  0 95 80 90 50  0 (A) + (B4) 12.5 + 20 90 75 100 100 90 98 70 E^(c) = 70; E^(c) = 40; E^(c) = 99; E^(c) = 94; E^(c) = 95; E^(c) = 75; E^(c) = 50; Δ +20 Δ +35 Δ +1 Δ +6 Δ −5 Δ +23 Δ +20 (A) 12.5 40 40 75 70 50 50 50 (B1) 20 70  0 80 70 80 40  0 (A) + (B1) 12.5 + 20 95 50 100 100 95 98 100 E^(c) = 82; E^(c) = 40; E^(c) = 95; E^(c) = 91; E^(c) = 90; E^(c) = 70; E^(c) = 50; Δ +13 Δ +10 Δ +5 Δ +9 Δ +5 Δ +28 Δ +50 (A) 12.5 40 40 75 70 50 50 50 (B3) 20 80 20 80 70 80 30  0 (A) + (B3) 12.5 + 20 80 20 100 100 85 75 50 E^(c) = 84; E^(c) = 40; E^(c) = 95; E^(c) = 91; E^(c) = 90; E^(c) = 65; E^(c) = 50; Δ −4 Δ −20 Δ +5 Δ +9 Δ −5 Δ +10 Δ ±0 (A) 12.5 40 40 75 70 50 50 50 (B2) 20 60  0 75 70 30 30  0 (A) + (B2) 12.5 + 20 60 40 100 100 50 95 60 E^(c) = 76; E^(c) = 40; E^(c) = 94; E^(c) = 91; E^(c) = 65; E^(c) = 65; E^(c) = 50; Δ −16 Δ ±0 Δ +6 Δ +9 Δ −15 Δ +30 Δ +10 (A) 12.5 40 40 75 70 50 50 50 (B5) 20 85  0 70 70 75 50  0 (A) + (B5) 12.5 + 20 95 50 100 100 60 85 70 E^(c) = 91; E^(c) = 40; E^(c) = 93; E^(c) = 91; E^(c) = 80; E^(c) = 75; E^(c) = 50; Δ +4 Δ +10 Δ +8 Δ +9 Δ −20 Δ +10 Δ +20 b APESV AMATA EPHHL resistant - resistant - resistant - EPHHL group B (TSR, Active Dose g AMATA group B (TSR), EPHHL group B (TSR) resistant - APESV NTR) and K1/3 compounds of AS/ha sensitive C1 (TSR) sensitive and G (NTR) group B (TSR) sensitive (NA) (A) 12.5 70 70 50 0 0 90 70 (B) AE 1801486 20 60 40 20 20  0 89 50 (A) + (B) 12.5 + 20 100 100 95 70 100 100 100 E^(c) = 88; E^(c) = 82; E^(c) = 60; E^(c) = 20; E^(c) = 0; E^(c) = 99; E^(c) = 85 Δ +12 Δ +18 Δ +35 Δ +50 Δ +100 Δ +1 Δ +15 (A) 12.5 70 70 50 0 0 90 70 (B4) 20 60 50 60 40  0 90 40 (A) + (B4) 12.5 + 20 100 100 95 80 50 100 100 E^(c) = 88; E^(c) = 85; E^(c) = 80; E^(c) = 40; E^(c) = 0; E^(c) = 99; E^(c) = 82; Δ +12 Δ +15 Δ +15 Δ +40 Δ +50 Δ +1 Δ +18 (A) 12.5 70 70 50 0 0 90 70 (B1) 20 70 60 40 20  0 85 40 (A) + (B1) 12.5 + 20 100 100 95 70 60 100 100 E^(c) = 91; E^(c) = 88; E^(c) = 70; E^(c) = 20; E^(c) = 0; E^(c) = 99; E^(c) = 82; Δ +9 Δ +12 Δ +25 Δ +50 Δ +60 Δ +2 Δ +18 (A) 12.5 70 70 50 0 0 90 70 (B3) 20 70 60 30 0 0 93 35 (A) + (B3) 12.5 + 20 100 100 75 40 100 100 100 E^(c) = 91; E^(c) = 88; E^(c) = 65; E^(c) = 0; E^(c) = 0; E^(c) = 99; E^(c) = 81; Δ +9 Δ +12 Δ +10 Δ +40 Δ +100 Δ +1 Δ +20 (A) 12.5 70 70 50 0 0 90 70 (B2) 20 60 40 30 0 0 95 20 (A) + (B2) 12.5 + 20 100 100 70 40 30 100 100 E^(c) = 88; E^(c) = 82; E^(c) = 65; E^(c) = 0; E^(c) = 0; E^(c) = 100; E^(c) = 76; Δ +12 Δ +18 Δ +5 Δ +40 Δ +30 Δ +1 Δ +24 (A) 12.5 70 70 50 0 0 90 70 (B5) 20 60 40 30 0 0 95 20 (A) + (B5) 12.5 + 20 90 100 85 20 30 100 100 E^(c) = 88; E^(c) = 82; E^(c) = 65; E^(c) = 0; E^(c) = 0; E^(c) = 100; E^(c) = 76; Δ +2 Δ +18 Δ +20 Δ +20 Δ +30 Δ +1 Δ +24 c ALOMY ALOMY resistant - resistant - LOLSS LOLSS group A (TSR, group A (TSR, resistant group resistant group NTR), B (TSR, NTR), B (TSR, A (TSR, NTR), LOLSS A (TSR, NTR), Active Dose g ALOMY NTR) and C2 NTR) and C2 LOLSS B (NTR) and resistant - B (TSR, NTR) compounds of AS/ha sensitive (NA) (NA) sensitive C2 (NA) group G (NTR) and C2 (NA) (A) 12.5 85 65 60 80 50 75 50 (B6) 20 100  30 15 88 88 90 88 (A) + (B6) 12.5 + 20 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 E^(c) = 100; E^(c) = 76; E^(c) = 66; E^(c) = 98; E^(c) = 94; E^(c) = 98; E^(c) = 94; Δ ±0 Δ +25 Δ +34 Δ +2 Δ +6 Δ +3 Δ +6 (A) 12.5 85 65 60 80 50 75 50 (B4) 20 100  20 15 70 55 60 10 (A) + (B4) 12.5 + 20 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 E^(c) = 100; E^(c) = 72; E^(c) = 66; E^(c) = 94 E^(c) = 78; E^(c) = 90; E^(c) = 55; Δ ±0 Δ +28 Δ +34 Δ +6 Δ +23 Δ +10 Δ +45 (A) 12.5 85 65 60 80 50 75 50 (B1) 20 100  60 10 70 70 80 70 (A) + (B1) 12.5 + 20 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 E^(c) = 100; E^(c) = 86; E^(c) = 64; E^(c) = 94; E^(c) = 85; E^(c) = 95; E^(c) = 85; Δ ±0 Δ +14 Δ +36 Δ +6 Δ +15 Δ +5 Δ +15 (A) 12.5 85 65 60 80 50 75 50 (B3) 20 100  30  0 70 50 60 50 (A) + (B3) 12.5 + 20 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 E^(c) = 100; E^(c) = 76; E^(c) = 60; E^(c) = 94; E^(c) = 75; E^(c) = 90; E^(c) = 75; Δ ±0 Δ +25 Δ +40 Δ +6 Δ +25 Δ +10 Δ +25 (A) 12.5 85 65 60 80 50 75 50 (B2) 20 90 10  0 78 80 65 60 (A) + (B2) 12.5 + 20 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 E^(c) = 99; E^(c) = 69; E^(c) = 60; E^(c) = 96 E^(c) = 90; E^(c) = 91; E^(c) = 80; Δ +2 Δ +32 Δ +40 Δ +4 Δ +10 Δ +9 Δ +20 (A) 12.5 85 65 60 80 50 75 50 (B5) 20 100  20  0 75 80 70 20 (A) + (B5) 12.5 + 20 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 E^(c) = 100; E^(c) = 72; E^(c) = 60; E^(c) = 95; E^(c) = 90; E^(c) = 93; E^(c) = 60; Δ ±0 Δ +28 Δ +40 Δ +5 Δ +10 Δ +8 Δ +40 d CHEAL resistant - group B ERICA resistant - ERIBO resistant - Active Dose g CHEAL (TSR), C1 (NA) ERICA group B (NA) and ERIBO group B (NA) and compounds of AS/ha sensitive and G (NTR) sensitive G (NTR) sensitive G (NTR) (A) 12.5 70 65 70 60 70 60 (B6) 20 90 60 100   0 100   0 (A) + (B6) 12.5 + 20 100 100 100 100 100 100 E^(c) = 97; E^(c) = 86; E^(c) = 100; E^(c) = 60; E^(c) = 100; E^(c) = 60; Δ +3 Δ +14 Δ ±0 Δ +40 Δ ±0 Δ +40 (A) 12.5 70 65 70 60 70 60 (B4) 20 90 60 100   0 100   0 (A) + (B4) 12.5 + 20 100 95 100 100 100 100 E^(c) = 97; E^(c) = 86; E^(c) = 100; E^(c) = 60; E^(c) = 100; E^(c) = 60; Δ +3 Δ +14 Δ ±0 Δ +40 Δ ±0 Δ +40 (A) 12.5 70 65 70 60 70 60 (B1) 20 88 60 70  0 70  0 (A) + (B1) 12.5 + 20 100 100 100 100 100 100 E^(c) = 96; E^(c) = 86; E^(c) = 91; E^(c) = 60; E^(c) = 91; E^(c) = 60; Δ +4 Δ +14 Δ +9 Δ +40 Δ +9 Δ +40 (A) 12.5 70 65 70 60 70 60 (B3) 20 85 45 70  0 70  0 (A) + (B3) 12.5 + 20 100 100 100 100 100 100 E^(c) = 96; E^(c) = 81; E^(c) = 91; E^(c) = 60; E^(c) = 91; E^(c) = 60; Δ +5 Δ +19 Δ +9 Δ +40 Δ +9 Δ +40 (A) 12.5 70 65 70 60 70 60 (B2) 20 80 40 100   0 100   0 (A) + (B2) 12.5 + 20 100 100 100 100 100 100 E^(c) = 94; E^(c) = 79; E^(c) = 100; E^(c) = 60; E^(c) = 100; E^(c) = 60; Δ +6 Δ +21 Δ ±0 Δ +40 Δ ±0 Δ +40 (A) 12.5 70 65 70 60 70 60 (B5) 20 90 60 60  0 60  0 (A) + (B5) 12.5 + 20 100 100 100 100 100 100 E^(c) = 97; E^(c) = 86; E^(c) = 88; E^(c) = 60; E^(c) = 88; E^(c) = 60; Δ +3 Δ +14 Δ +12 Δ +40 Δ +12 Δ +40

Table 3a: Comparison of the effect of the mixture on all resistant and sensitive biotypes in PO application TTTTT TTTTT Dose g of resistant sensitive Difference in AS/ha (n = 17) mean (n = 11) mean sensitivities (A) 50 53 58 Δ^(D) − 4  (B6) 20 44 85 Δ^(D) − 42 (A) + (B6) 50 + 20 95 98 Δ^(D) − 3  E^(c) = 72; E^(c) = 93; Δ + 5 Δ + 23 Average difference Δ^(D) of the effect of the individual active Δ^(D) − 23 compounds (Ø) Difference Δ^(D) between the effect of the mixture and the Δ^(D) + 20 difference Δ^(D) of the average effect of the individual active compounds Table 3b: Comparison of the effect of the mixture on all resistant and sensitive biotypes in PO application TTTTT TTTTT Dose g of resistant sensitive Difference in AS/ha (n = 15) mean (n = 11) mean sensitivities (A) 50 53 58 Δ^(D) − 4  (B4) 20 31 72 Δ^(D) − 41 (A) + (B4) 50 + 20 95 96 Δ^(D) − 1  E^(c) = 68; E^(c) = 88; Δ + 8 Δ + 27 Average difference Δ^(D) of the effect of the individual active Δ^(D) − 22 compounds (Ø) Difference Δ^(D) between the effect of the mixture and the Δ^(D) + 21 difference Δ^(D) of the average effect of the individual active compounds Table 3c: Comparison of the effect of the mixture on all resistant and sensitive biotypes in PO application TTTTT TTTTT Dose g of resistant sensitive Difference in AS/ha (n = 17) mean (n = 11) mean sensitivities (A) 50 53 58 Δ^(D) − 4  (B1) 20 40 87 Δ^(D) − 47 (A) + (B1) 50 + 20 96 98 Δ^(D) − 2  E^(c) = 71; E^(c) = 94; Δ + 5 Δ + 25 Average difference Δ^(D) of the effect of the individual active Δ^(D) − 25 compounds (Ø) Difference Δ^(D) between the effect of the mixture and the Δ^(D) + 23 difference Δ^(D) of the average effect of the individual active compounds Table 3d: Comparison of the effect of the mixture on all resistant and sensitive biotypes in PO application TTTTT TTTTT Dose g of resistant sensitive Difference in AS/ha (n = 15) mean (n = 11) mean sensitivities (A) 50 53 58 Δ^(D) − 4  (B3) 20 46 88 Δ^(D) − 42 (A) + (B3) 50 + 20 95 99 Δ^(D) − 4  E^(c) = 74; E^(c) = 94; Δ + 5 Δ + 21 Average difference Δ^(D) of the effect of the individual active Δ^(D) − 23 compounds (Ø) Difference Δ^(D) between the effect of the mixture and the Δ^(D) + 19 difference Δ^(D) of the average effect of the individual active compounds Table 3e: Comparison of the effect of the mixture on all resistant and sensitive biotypes in PO application TTTTT TTTTT Dose g resistant sensitive Difference in of AS/ha (n = 17) mean (n = 11) mean sensitivities (A) 50 53 58 Δ^(D) − 4  (B2) 20 34 74 Δ^(D) − 39 (A) + (B2) 50 + 20 96 98 Δ^(D) − 2  E^(c) = 68; E^(c) = 87; Δ + 27 Δ + 11 Average difference Δ^(D) of the effect of the individual active Δ^(D) − 21 compounds (Ø) Difference Δ^(D) between the effect of the mixture and the Δ^(D) + 19 difference Δ^(D) of the average effect of the individual active compounds Table 3f: Comparison of the effect of the mixture on all resistant and sensitive biotypes in PO application TTTTT TTTTT Dose g resistant sensitive Difference in of AS/ha (n = 15) mean (n = 11) mean sensitivities (A) 50 53 58 Δ^(D) − 4  (B5) 20 25 76 Δ^(D) − 52 (A) + (B5) 50 + 20 96 98 Δ^(D) − 2  E^(c) = 64; E^(c) = 89; Δ + 9 Δ + 32 Average difference Δ^(D) of the effect of the individual active Δ^(D) − 28 compounds (Ø) Difference Δ^(D) between the effect of the mixture and the Δ^(D) + 26 difference Δ^(D) of the average effect of the individual active compounds Δ^(D) = TTTTT Ø resistant − TTTTT Ø sensitive

Table 4a: Comparison of the effect of the mixture on all resistant and sensitive biotypes in PE application TTTTT TTTTT Dose g of resistant sensitive Difference in AS/ha (n = 16) mean (n = 11) mean sensitivities (A)   12.5 52 68 Δ^(D) − 16 (B) AE 20 33 76 Δ^(D) − 43 1801486 (A) + (B) 12.5 + 20 95 98 Δ^(D) − 2  E^(c) = 65; E^(c) = 89; Δ + 9 Δ + 31 Average difference Δ^(D) of the effect of the individual active Δ^(D) − 29 compounds (Ø) Difference Δ^(D) between the effect of the mixture and the Δ^(D) + 27 difference Δ^(D) of the average effect of the individual active compounds Table 4b: Comparison of the effect of the mixture on all resistant and sensitive biotypes in PE application TTTTT TTTTT Dose g of resistant sensitive Difference in AS/ha (n = 16) mean (n = 11) mean sensitivities (A)   12.5 52 68 Δ^(D) − 16 (B4) 20 29 82 Δ^(D) − 53 (A) + (B4) 12.5 + 20 92 98 Δ^(D) − 6  E^(c) = 64; E^(c) = 93; Δ + 5 Δ + 28 Average difference Δ^(D) of the effect of the individual active Δ^(D) − 34 compounds (Ø) Difference Δ^(D) between the effect of the mixture and the Δ^(D) + 28 difference Δ^(D) of the average effect of the individual active compounds Table 4c: Comparison of the effect of the mixture on all resistant and sensitive biotypes in PE application TTTTT TTTTT Dose g of resistant sensitive Difference in AS/ha (n = 16) mean (n = 11) mean sensitivities (A)   12.5 52 68 Δ^(D) − 16 (B1) 20 32 75 Δ^(D) − 43 (A) + (B1) 12.5 + 20 92 99 Δ^(D) − 7  E^(c) = 64; E^(c) = 91; Δ + 7 Δ + 28 Average difference Δ^(D) of the effect of the individual active Δ^(D) − 29 compounds (Ø) Difference Δ^(D) between the effect of the mixture and the Δ^(D) + 22 difference Δ^(D) of the average effect of the individual active compounds Table 4d: Comparison of the effect of the mixture on all resistant and sensitive biotypes in PE application TTTTT TTTTT Dose g of resistant sensitive Difference in AS/ha (n = 16) mean (n = 11) mean sensitivities (A)   12.5 52 68 Δ^(D) − 16 (B3) 20 24 75 Δ^(D) − 51 (A) + (B3) 12.5 + 20 86 95 Δ^(D) − 9  E^(c) = 60; E^(c) = 90; Δ + 4 Δ + 26 Average difference Δ^(D) of the effect of the individual active Δ^(D) − 34 compounds (Ø) Difference Δ^(D) between the effect of the mixture and the Δ^(D) + 25 difference Δ^(D) of the average effect of the individual active compounds Table 4e: Comparison of the effect of the mixture on all resistant and sensitive biotypes in PE application TTTTT TTTTT Dose g of resistant sensitive Difference in AS/ha (n = 16) mean (n = 11) mean sensitivities (A)   12.5 52 68 Δ^(D) − 16 (B2) 20 22 73 Δ^(D) − 50 (A) + (B2) 12.5 + 20 85 89 Δ^(D) − 4  E^(c) = 60; E^(c) = 89; Δ ± 0 Δ + 25 Average difference Δ^(D) of the effect of the individual active Δ^(D) − 33 compounds (Ø) Difference Δ^(D) between the effect of the mixture and the Δ^(D) + 29 difference Δ^(D) of the average effect of the individual active compounds Table 4f: Comparison of the effect of the mixture on all resistant and sensitive biotypes in PE application TTTTT TTTTT Dose g of resistant sensitive Difference in AS/ha (n = 16) mean (n = 11) mean sensitivities (A)   12.5 52 68 Δ^(D) − 16 (B5) 20 22 73 Δ^(D) − 47 (A) + (B5) 12.5 + 20 85 94 Δ^(D) − 9 E^(c) = 62; E^(c) = 90; Δ + 4 Δ + 23 Average difference Δ^(D) of the effect of the individual active Δ^(D) − 31 compounds (Ø) Difference Δ^(D) between the effect of the mixture and the Δ^(D) + 22 difference Δ^(D) of the average effect of the individual active compounds Δ^(D) = TTTTT Ø resistant − TTTTT Ø sensitive

CONCLUSION

For all resistant plant species examined, an additive or synergistic effect of the mixture was demonstrated both for PO and PE application (PO: Δ±0−+60; PE: Δ±0−+100). The level of assured efficacy against TSR- and NTR-resistant biotypes is markedly improved. Active compounds of HRAC groups B and L in the mixture are highly suitable for resistance management.

The mixture stabilizes the effect on sensitive and resistant plant species compared to the individual active compounds. Whereas the activity of the individual active compounds decreases by on average Δ^(D)−4% to −52% (PO) or Δ^(D)−16% to −53% (PE), the activity of the mixture decreases by only Δ^(D)−1 to −4% (PO) or Δ^(D)−2 to −9% (PE). The mixture has an advantage of Ø Δ^(D)+21% (PO) and Δ^(D)+26% (PE), respectively. 

1. Method for controlling harmful plants resistant to active compounds from the group of the inhibitors of acetolactate synthase, acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase or 5-enolpyrovylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase, comprising employing a herbicidal composition comprising A) indaziflam and B) a herbicidally active compound from the group consisting of flazasulfuron, foramsulfuron, rimsulfuron, chlorimuron-ethyl and thiencarbazone-methyl.
 2. Method according to claim 1, wherein indaziflam is employed at an application rate of from 10 to 200 g/ha and flazasulfuron, foramsulfuron, rimsulfuron, chlorimuron-ethyl and thiencarbazone-methyl are each employed at an application rate of from 2.5 to 100 g/ha.
 3. Method according to claim 1, wherein indaziflam is employed at an application rate of from 10 to 150 g/ha and flazasulfuron, foramsulfuron, rimsulfuron, chlorimuron-ethyl and thiencarbazone-methyl are each employed at an application rate of from 2.5 to 75 g/ha.
 4. Method according to claim 1, wherein indaziflam is employed at an application rate of from 10 to 100 g/ha and flazasulfuron, foramsulfuron, rimsulfuron, chlorimuron-ethyl and thiencarbazone-methyl are each employed at an application rate of from 2.5 to 40 g/ha.
 5. Method according to claim 1, wherein the herbicidal composition comprises one or more further active crop protection compounds.
 6. Method according to claim 1, wherein the herbicidal composition comprises one or more auxiliaries and/or formulation aids customary in crop protection.
 7. A herbicidal composition comprising A) indaziflam and B) a herbicidally active compound from the group consisting of flazasulfuron, foramsulfuron, rimsulfuron, chlorimuron-ethyl and thiencarbazone-methyl capable of being used for controlling harmful plants resistant to active compounds from the group of the inhibitors of acetolactate synthase, acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, photosynthesis at photosystem II, microtubuli arrangement, cell division or 5-enolpyrovylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase.
 8. Composition according to claim 7, wherein indaziflam is employed at an application rate of from 10 to 200 g/ha and flazasulfuron, foramsulfuron, rimsulfuron, chlorimuron-ethyl and thiencarbazone-methyl are each employed at an application rate of from 2.5 to 100 g/ha.
 9. Composition according to claim 7, wherein indaziflam is employed at an application rate of from 10 to 150 g/ha and flazasulfuron, foramsulfuron, rimsulfuron, chlorimuron-ethyl and thiencarbazone-methyl are each employed at an application rate of from 2.5 to 75 g/ha.
 10. Composition according to claim 7, wherein indaziflam is employed at an application rate of from 10 to 100 g/ha and flazasulfuron, foramsulfuron, rimsulfuron, chlorimuron-ethyl and thiencarbazone-methyl are each employed at an application rate of from 2.5 to 40 g/ha.
 11. Composition according to claim 7, wherein the herbicidal composition comprises one or more further active crop protection compounds.
 12. Composition according to claim 7, wherein the herbicidal composition comprises one or more auxiliaries and/or formulation aids customary in crop protection.
 13. Herbicidal composition comprising A) indaziflam and B) chlorimuron-ethyl.
 14. Herbicidal composition according to claim 13, comprising one or more further active crop protection compounds.
 15. Herbicidal composition according to claim 13, comprising one or more auxiliaries and/or formulation aids customary in crop protection. 